International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Issue-3(December), Volume-1 2024

1. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Malaria and Anemia in Childr...
11

Akenji Carine Ngum*, Prof. Ngu...
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Bamenda-Cameroon.
1-22

Background: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. The most serious and sometimes fatal type of malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The other human malaria species, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and sometimes P. knowlesi can cause acute, severe illness but mortality rates are low. A signifcant proportion of these deaths resulted directly or indirectly from anemia. Anemia defined as a low blood hemoglobin concentration, has been shown to be a public health problem. The prevalence of malaria and anemia is associated with Parents? age, education level and who they live with as well as where they live. Objectives: The general objective of this research is on the prevalence of malaria and anemia and the associated risk factors in children aged 0-12years Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study in the Nkwen District Hospital Bamenda where questionnaires were administered to collect information for social demographic and risk factors of malaria and anemia. Malaria tests was done microscopically staining with giemsa and anemia evaluated by was done using a hemoglobinometer to get the hemoglobin range Results: The total prevalence of malaria, anemia and malaria with anemia was 15.5%, 44% and 11.5% respectively. Our study also reveal some associated risk factors of malaria, anemia and malaria with anemia face by children from 0 to 12years such as sex, age of child and parents, single parent, and some other instrisic factors like use of ITNs, outdoor sleeping, use of insecticide and the transfusion history. Conclusion: this study revealed that malaria and anaemia constitute public health problems in the area with anemia being a severe public health concern while malaria is a mild public health issue in children attending the Nkwen District Hospital . Parents? age, level of education, where they live was directly linked to malaria and all anaemia forms as well as risk factors like ITNs, mosquito insecticides, stagnant water in the environment and outdoor sleeping. Hence measures should be put in place in order to reduce the prevalence of malaria and anemia amongst children and it is important to conduct further investigations to identify the underlying causes of anemia in children.

2. Study of Student Body Language in English Teaching
2

Shaikh Afsar Nawaboddin
Assistant Professor, Azad Mahavidyalaya, Ausa, (M.S.), India
23-24

Because teaching methods in English are constantly changing, body language?a type of nonverbal communication?plays a big part in how teachers and students interact. Not only can it more clearly and effectively convey the speakers' intentions, make teaching easier, pique students' interest, maximize the goal of teaching English, and increase the effectiveness of instruction, but it can also help students become better speakers, listeners, readers, and other learners. This paper conducted a survey on many body language types and their features, significance, and other factors through a review of the literature, induction, and summarization. The purpose of this essay is to aid English instructors in comprehending how body language may be used to enhance instruction and to motivate them to experiment with it in the classroom. In order to get the finest educational objectives and results-oriented outcomes, English teachers nowadays should make effective use of body language in their lessons and fully utilize its role in language instruction. The purpose of the paper is to examine fundamental body language reading skills; gender disparities in body language reading will be covered as an example. Additionally, it will give details regarding the teacher's nonverbal behavior. Lastly, it will briefly discuss the student's body language and how the teacher interprets it.

3. The Penetration of Mobile Technology in Schools. A case of selected sc...
30

Macdonald Maponga
Department of Science Mathematics, Technology and Engineering (SMTE), National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe.
25-36

This study explores the penetration of mobile technology in selected schools within the Mazowe District, focusing on its impact on educational practices and student engagement. With the rapid advancement of mobile technology, schools are increasingly integrating these tools into their curricula to enhance learning experiences. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with educators, students, and administrators. Findings indicate that while mobile technology has the potential to improve access to educational resources and foster collaborative learning, challenges such as infrastructural limitations, digital literacy, and socio-economic disparities persist. The study highlights the need for targeted policies and training programs to maximize the benefits of mobile technology in education, ultimately aiming to bridge the digital divide and promote equitable learning opportunities in the Mazowe District.

4. Evaluation Of Phytochemical And Antifungal Properties Of Afrostyrax Le...
6

Folifack Nguefack Hermann Stev...
Department of clinical sciences, Specialty: Medical laboratory scientist, University of Bamenda Cameroon
37-44

Introduction: Antifungal resistance is one of the main problems that continue to challenge the healthcare section in a large part of the world particularly in Cameroon. The rapid increase rate of fungal community related infection of the skin and increase resistance to antifungal synthetic drugs has stimulated the need to research on new substances that can be used to solve this problem of resistance. This has been sparingly reported to the best of our knowledge. Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical and antifungal properties of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus, Monodora nyrisca and Xylopia aethiopica Sampling at Bamenda food-market on Trichophyton rubrum . Materiel and Methods: The experimental study was carried out from February 24th to march 25th 2022, in order to sought out new antifungal agents from spices, by assessing the antifungal property of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (country onion), Xylopia aethiopica( bush pepper) and Monodora myristica (groundnut-spices) spices on Trichophyton rubrum. To identify the different compounds present in these spices, qualitative phytochemical screening was also carried out. This was accomplished by purchasing dried spices of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus, Xylopia aethiopica, and Monodora myristica from various locations in the Bamenda food market and aseptically grinding them into powder. The resulting powder underwent independent ethanolic and aqueous extraction processes. Results: The results showed that Trichophyton rubrum was sensitive to all aqueous extraction of the three spices using agar dilution technique after 48hrs of incubation at room temperature, while Trichophyton rubrum was sensitive only to alcoholic extract of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus under the same growth conditions of incubation. The phytochemical screening results of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus and Xylopia Aethiopica spices indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, Saponin, resins, tannins (except for Afrostyrax lepidophyllus) and the absence of glycosides in all the spices. Monodora myristica indicated the presence of saponin and flavonoids only. CONCLUSION: The objective of the study on the evaluation on the phytochemical and antifungal properties of Afrastyrax lepidophyllus, Xylopia aethiopica and Monodora myristica on Trichophyton rubrum, revealed sensitivity to the aqueous extracts of all the spices. The ethanolic extract of A lepidophyllus also revealed sensitivivity to T.rubrum. This proves that all the spices have antifungal properties and as such can be used as alternative treatment for fungal skin infection cause by T. rubrum.

5. Preserving African Cultural Heritage through Drama in the Face of Mode...
5

Kelvin Chibenumoso opara
Department of Theatre and Film Studies, Rivers State University
45-50

Using Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe as a case study, this research explores the role of drama in conserving African cultural legacy in the face of modernity. Examining how the play serves as a medium for the transmission and conservation of Igbo cultural practices, belief systems, and identity, the study employs a qualitative research design and performance theory as its theoretical framework. Understanding how Achebe's drama captures the essential values of Igbo society and ensures cultural survival even in the face of colonial and modern challenges is the aim of this study. The findings of this research show that Things Fall Apart serves as a performative tool and cultural archive, reenacting social roles, morals, and Igbo traditions. Igbo heritage is kept relevant and obvious through the play's dramatic portrayal of these customs, which contributes to cultural continuity. The study recommends that in order to preserve African traditions, modern theatre should keep embracing cultural performances. The importance of drama as a vital vehicle for cultural preservation in a world that is modernizing quickly is highlighted by this work.

6. The Impact of Capital Structure on the Financial Performance of Quoted...
11

Dr. OZIEGBE Tope Rufus, ATURU...
PhD in Business Administration (Entrepreneurship and Human Resource Management), Statistics and Records, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
51-56

This study investigates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria, focusing on the period between 2012 and 2021. Capital structure decisions, specifically the balance between long-term debt and equity,play a critical role in determining the financial health and profitability of banks. The study employs Return on Equity (ROE) and Profit After Tax (PAT) as proxies for financial performance, while long-term debt and equity serve as indicators of capital structure. Through regression analysis, the study evaluates how variations in debt and equity ratios affect financial outcomes. The findings reveal that long-term debt positively impacts ROE, suggesting that debt, when managed prudently, can enhance financial returns through leverage benefits. Equity, on the other hand, significantly influences both ROE and PAT, providing stability and reducing the risks associated with financial distress. This study emphasizes the need for Nigerian banks to maintain an optimal balance between debt and equity to maximize profitability and ensure financial sustainability. The results have implications for policymakers and financial managers aiming to optimize capital structure decisions in a challenging economic environment. Future research is recommended to explore the role of short-term debt and liquidity management in banking performance.

7. Thermal Explosion with Arrhenius Kinetics in Parallel Plates Subject t...
5

Dr. Akinbobola, Akinyemi Olufu...
PhD in Business Administration (Entrepreneurship and Human Resource Management), Statistics and Records, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
57-64

The study considers a combination of symmetric and asymmetric boundary conditions on thermal explosion with Arrhenius kinetics for a slab. Realistic assumptions will convert the energy conservation equation into dimensionless form, and the resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equation under various boundary conditions will be analytically solved using FrankKamanetskii's methods. This analytical method will yield the critical ignition parameters and the critical ignition temperature. The results were compared with previous studies in literature.

8. Comparative Study of Inorganic Pollutants in Soils Obtained From Selec...
4

Mohammed, S.A., Agada, J.*, Ab...
Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna State, Nigeria
65-71

Inorganic pollutants are usually substances of mineral origin, with metals and salts that are found naturally in the environment but have been altered by human anthropogenic activities thereby increasing their numbers, pervading the environment and becoming toxic due to accumulation in food chain. This research studied the determination and comparison of the levels of inorganic pollutants in soils obtained from selected farmlands in Millennium City and Unguwan Kudu, Kaduna State. Soils were collected at depths (0-15cm and 15-30cm) for the months of August and December, transported to the laboratory and prepared for determination of inorganic pollutants and pH as well. The levels of inorganic pollutants were determined and compared with acceptable international standards (NSDWQ and WHO). pH concentrations of soils in the month of August were at the alkaline range while neutral range was observed in December except at 15- 30cm depth at U/Kudu that was at alkaline range. The number of inorganic pollutants in soil of MC and U/Kudu for the month of August and December had higher concentrations in NO3 (16.60?0.10 and 14.60?0.10) mg/kg and (15.01?0.00 and 12.29?0.22) mg/kg respectively at the same depth of 15-30cm and lowest concentrations was observed in Hg. Each inorganic pollutant was observed to be significantly different across the two sampling sites except in some cases where there were no significant differences. When compared with the permissible limits of NSDWQ and WHO, some of the inorganic pollutants in the soils were above the permissible limit while pH was within the limits. The farmlands therefore might not be good for agricultural purposes, as they contain higher concentrations of some inorganic pollutants suchas (Pb, Cd and Hg).

9. Comparative Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Raw Water and...
2

Abdulazeez, A.M., Agada, J.*,...
Department of Biological Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
72-78

Portable water is essential element for living organism?s welfare and healthy living. On estimation, a large number of over 1 billion individuals do not have access to safe water and 2.4 billion need essential sanitation. This study seeks to evaluate the physico-chemical of raw and treated water in Malali water works. Using standard techniques, physico-chemical parameters were determined and related to permissible limits. The mean temperature of raw water significantly varied from month to month, with the least temperature recorded in September (20.7?0.12?C) and highest temperature in March (27.9?0.05?C). The highest temperature of treated water samples was observed in March (29.1?0.15?C) while the least was recorded in September (20.7?0.10?C). Total dissolved solids content was between 270.0 and 582.5?9.75 mg/l; lower values were observed in dry season months while higher values occurred in the wet season. All TDS values for raw water were below the WHO and NSDWQ set limits except in September where it was higher (582.5mg/L). Fluorides and magnesium were detected but in minute concentrations below permissible limits. It can be concluded therefore that treated water atthe Malali water works is of better quality than raw untreated water. Generally, treated water at Malali water works area is less turbid and safe for use.

10. The Impact of Green Human Resource Management Towards Integrating Gree...
9

Methmali Karunawadhana*, Imali...
Department of Management, Faculty of Businesses and Accountancy , Lincoln University College, Malaysia
79-88
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14630744

One of the main challenges the business world to be disturbed by is Environmental Sustainability. Out of all Green human resource management aids in developing new procedures and policies to enhance the environmental performance in the manufacturing sector in South Asia. Green reverse logistics practices are also dominating within the industry due to legislations of the government, consumer pressure and competitiveness. Green reverse logistics is about taking back the used product via the consumer with the intentions of remanufacture, repair, reutilization, recycle and disposal. However, it was observed that among the literature there was no discussion of the vital elements of green human resource management and green reverse logistics and the collaboration of those would impact the manufacturing sector of South Asia. In bridging the gap between green human resource management and green reverse logistics, the authors have adopted systematic literature review and with the carefully selected journals were used in identifying the themes and was finalized with thematic analysis. The qualitative method was carried out as per the results the green human resource management was further deduced to green training, green recruitment, green performance evaluation and green rewards and recognition. Many of these themes were positively correlated and would be able to provide benefits to the manufacturing industry through environmental performance in the long run and short run. The paper further provides the insightful implications to be carried out in the manufacturing industry in the South Asian region.





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